one of ten 'defilements' that are to be overcome through training， viz. greed， hate， delusion， conceit， speculative views， skeptical doubt， mental torpor， restlessness， lack of shame， and lack of moral dread. （A related term， upakkilesa， is also sometimes translated as 'defilement' but 'impurities' may be preferable in that case. Nyanatiloka's dictionary has a discussion.）