（1） three views. Three observations taught in the Yingluo benye jing which were later elucidated by Chih-i 智顗. These are （a） the view of emptiness （kongguan 空观）， which negates mistaken notions of common-sense reality; （b） The view of dependent arising which cancels extreme attachment to emptiness， and （c） the middle view （zhongguan 中观） which utilizes either of the above but is not attached. （2） The three kinds of meditation taught in the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment （圆觉经）. These are （a） /samatha 奢摩他， the form of meditation in which the mind is stilled by concentration on an object; （b） sama^patti 三摩钵提， which is contemplative meditation utilizing a Buddhist conceptual framework such as dependent origination， and （c） dhya^na 禅那 which is the practice of non-abiding in either of the other two. One might easily draw parallels between these three and the three in the first part of the definition. （cm）