{I}Nine mountains. Originally an appellation for the early schools of Korean Son which were established in connection with nine different mountain monasteries. These were: （1） the Kaji-san school （迦智山）， established at Porim sa （宝林寺） under the influence of Toui （道义; d. 825） and his grand-student Ch'ejing （体澄; 804-890）. Toui studied in China under Zhizang （智藏; 735-814） and Baizhang （百丈; 749-814）. （2） The Songju san （圣住山） school， established by Muyom （无染; 800-888） who received his inga 印可 from Magu Baoche （麻谷宝彻; b. 720?）. （3） The Silsang san （实相山） school， founded by Hongch'ok （洪陟; fl. 830）， who also studied under Zhizang. （4） The Huiyang san （曦阳山） school， founded by Pomnang and Chison Tohon （智诜道宪; 824-882）， who was taught by a Korean teacher of the Mazu transmission. （5） The Pongnim san （凤林山） school， established by Wongam Hyon'uk （圆鑒玄昱; 787-869） and his student Simhui （审希， fl. 9c）. Hyon'uk was a student of Zhangjing Huaihui （章敬怀晖; 748-835）. （6） The Tongni san （桐里山） school， established by Hyech'ol （慧彻; 785-861） who was a student of Chih-tsang. （7） The Sagul san （阇崛山） school， established by Pomil （梵日; 810-889）， who studied in China with Yanguan Qian （盐官齐安; 750?-842） and Yueshan Weiyan （乐山惟严; ）. （8） The Saja san （狮子山） school， established by Toyun （道允; 797-868）， who studied under Nanjuan puyuan （南泉普愿; 748-835）.（9） the Sumi-san school （须弥山） founded by Iom （利严; 869-936）， which had developed from the Caotong （曹洞） lineage.
The term Kusan in Korea also becomes a general rubric for "all the Son schools，" holding such connotations down to the present. {II} The name of a recent Son master， who was the abbot of Songgwangsa monastery.