The "phenomenal hindrances，" which， according to the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment， along with the "noumenal hindrances" （lizhang 理障） impede the attainment of enlightenment. The phenomenal hindrances are those of the human passions of like and dislike， and all other related addictive or painful emotions which keep sentient beings bound in the cycle of life and death. Therefore， these hindrances are analogous to the "hindrances of affliction" （fannaozhang 烦恼障） of the school of Consciousness-only. Compared to the hindrances of principle， they are relatively superficial， and thus may be overcome by the practices of the two vehicles 二乘. （圆觉经， T 842.17.916b20 ff.）