（1） Provisionally hypothesized （-dharma）. （2） An institution or establishment （prajn~apti）. To establish a concept. The gathering of words and/or sentences. （3） The use of a metaphor which， though not truly existent， is used for explanation （upaca^ra）. （4） Something that is provisional or temporary. Signified in Confucianism with the character 权. In the doctrine of the Tiantai 天台 sect， according to the true teaching， the real characteristic of human existence is provisionality. （5） The term 假 is usually used in contrast to terms like truth 真， or reality 实， referring to something that is empty， or unsubstantial， lacking inherent existence; something that exists only in reference to the name assigned to it. This is called jiamingyou 假名有. This sort of existence is not different from emptiness. The term 假 is also used to refer to 'expedient means' （fangbian 方便）， or methods of practice and teaching that have no real nature， but are used provisionally.