Six major teachers who taught doctrines differing from Buddhism in middle India at the time of S/a^kyamuni （all names in Pali）: （1） San~jaya-velat!t!hiputta 珊阇耶毗罗胝子， who taught a form of skepticism. （2） Ajita-kesakambarin 阿耆多翅舍钦婆罗， who taught a form of materialism. （3） Makkhali-gosa^la 末伽梨拘舍梨， who taught a form of fatalism. （4） Pura^n!a-kassapa 富兰那迦叶， who denied the reality of values such as good and evil， and therefore did not value morality. （5） Pakudha-kacca^yana 迦罗鸠驮迦旃延 who explained the existence of the universe through seven elemental factors. （6） Nigan!t!ha-na^taputta 尼乾陀若提子， the founder of Jainism， who taught a doctrine of relativism. Also written 外道六师.［杂阿含经卷四十三、中阿含卷五十七箭毛经］