（438-495） Liuqiu From Nanyang niyang during the period of the Northern and Southern dynasties in China. Originally an official， he left the active life to study Buddhism. He is known for his explanations of the theories that the "good do not receive rewards" and "sudden and gradual" teachings. He also established a prototype theory regarding the five periods of the Buddha's teaching. He lectured and commented on the Lotus Sutra 法华经 and the Nirva^na Sutra.