（1） Born naturally， born from oneself. （2） That which is born through spontaneous generation. A sentient being suddenly appearing from nowhere， for example， the birth of a ghost. （3） In contrast to other types of birth， （i.e.， from an egg， from a womb， from moisture） a species that is born suddenly without a specific origin. This refers especially to the intermediate stage after death， where beings are reborn as spirits， gods， hell-beings， etc. （upapa^duka-yoni）. One of the four types of birth （四生）.