(dva^da/sa-astanga). The 'twelve limbs of dependent origination.' When inquiring into what it is that gives rise to human suffering, the Buddha found it to be a continu^m of twelve phases of conditioning in a regular order. These twelve limbs of conditioned existence are. (1) 无明 ignorance; (2) 行 action-intentions; (3) 识 consciousness; (4) 名色 name and form; (5) 六处 the six-fold sphere of sense contact; (6) 触 contact; (7) 受 sensation; (8) 爱 craving; (9) 取 grasping; (10) 有 becoming; (11) 生 birth; (12) 老死 old age and death (impermanence). In this order, the prior situation is the condition for the arising of the next situation. Also, in the same order, if the prior condition is extinguished, the next condition is extinguished.