（da/sabhu^mi） The 'ten stages.' Bhu^mi means "stage" and the ten bhu^mis are the forty-first through the fiftieth stages in the path of the bodhisattva， which are designated as one through ten. In various Maha^ya^na texts， each of the stages is associated with the subjugation or elimination of a certain type of obstruction to enlightenment. The ten are: 1. 欢喜地 huanxidi - The 'stage of joy.' （pramudita^） The stage where the wisdom of the middle path is first produced to benefit self and others， and where there is great happiness. 2. 离垢地 - ligoudi - 'freedom from defilement.' （vimala^） Dwelling in the principle of the middle path， to be able to enter the dust of the world of sentient beings， yet remain detached. 3. 发光地faguangdi - the 'stage of emission of light.' （prabha^kari^） The stage of following the buddha-path and emitting the clear light of wisdom. 4. 焰慧地 yanhuidi - The 'stage of glowing wisdom.' （arcismati^） The stage of the light of wisdom burning bright according to its clear cognition of the unborn nature of all existence. 5. 难胜地 nanshengdi - The 'stage of overcoming the difficult.' （sudurjaya^） The stage of overcoming the prior stage by emptying all ignorance. 6. 现前地 xianqiandi - The 'stage of manifestation of reality.' （abhimukhi^） The stage where the practitioner is facing reality. The stage of manifestation of the aspect that in contemplating the dharma， nirvana and samsa^ra are not two. 7. 远行地 yuanxingdi - the 'stage of far-reaching.' （du^ramgama^） The stage of attaining the middle way and advancing to a higher realm with every thought. 8. 不动地 budongdi - The 'immovable stage.' （acala^） The stage of abiding peacefully in the wisdom of （no aspects） of the middle path without change. 9. 善慧地 shanhuidi - The 'stage of wondrous wisdom.' （sa^dhumati^） The stage of using the skill of wisdom contemplation to enter the path of clear cognition regarding the unborn nature of all existence. 10. 法云地 fayundi - the 'stage of the dharma-cloud.' （dharma-megha） The stage of attaining the level of buddhahood， and covering the dharma-world with wisdom and compassion like a great cloud. In the doctrine of the Faxiang 法相 school， the stage of 'equal enlightenment' （等觉） is included here， being considered as within the limits of bodhisattva practice.