S/ubha^karasim!ha （637-735）. Indian pan!d!it who propagated Buddhist esotericism in China， acknowledged as one of the eight patriarchs of the doctrine 傅授八祖 in Shingon lineages. Born into a royal family of Orissa， he inherited the throne at age thirteen， but renounced it when his brothers began a violent struggle over the succession. He became a Buddhist monk， settling in the Ven!uvanaviha^ra 竹林精舍 at Na^landa monastery 那烂陀寺. At the behest of his master Dharmagupta 达磨掬多， he embarked on a journey to China via Turfan 吐蕃， arriving in 716. He was met by the emperor Xuanzong 玄宗 in 717， and began translating texts at Siming temple. When the emperor relocated in 724， he moved to Tafusien temple at Loyang， working there with Yixing 一行 on the translation of the Vairocana^bhisambodhi 大日经 （T 848）. Though best known for translating that work， he translated a number of important esoteric texts such as the Susiddhi 苏悉地经 （T 894） as well. He also performed rituals for the state and gave lectures; some of these are recorded in 'Master S/ubha's Guide to Meditation' 无畏三藏禅要 （T 917）. Another text drafted in China under his guidance， the iconographic 'Essential Meditations on the Five Families' 五部心观， carries a portrait of S/ubhakara^sim!h!a. Towards the end of his life， he requested permission to return to India， but was refused， and he passed away in Loyang. After his burial in the hils around Longmen 龙门 in 740， devotees continued to worship his corpse.