The four and eight kinds of suffering taught by S/a^kyamuni in his exposition of the Four Noble Truths 四谛. These include the four basic forms of suffering: birth 生， aging 老， sickness 病 and death 死， along with the four derivative forms of suffering: separation from that which we love 爱别离苦， association with that which we hate 怨憎会苦， Ina-Zbility to fulfill our desires 求不得苦 and the suffering from the instability of the five skandhas 五阴盛苦. Since there are eight forms of suffering in total， they are often referred to more simply as such 八苦. ［瑜伽论T 1579.30.289b］