The 'four falls'; four inverted views， which cause one to fall from the true path （viparya^sa-catuksa）. They are: （1） the fall of permanence--taking the impermanent to be permanent; （2） Enjoyment--perceiving suffering as enjoyment; （3） Purity-- seeing the impure as pure; （4） Self--perceiving what is not a self to be a self. These can be found in the Vimalaki^rti-nirde/sa-su^tra 维摩经， as well as the Abhidharmako/sa-bha^sya 俱舍论. Other texts list different groups of these four.