（hetu-pratyaya）. （1） causes and conditions （connections）. The character 因 （yin） refers to direct cause， which directly incurs a result， while 缘 （yuan） refers to an indirect cause which helps or participates in producing the result. （2） Direct cause. （3） 'Cause is namely condition;'--a widened meaning of the term， where all active elements are called causes/conditions. In Abhidharma-ko/sa theory， one of the 'four causes' siyuan 四缘. （4） Dependent origination （prati^tya-sam!utpa^da）. （5） A Chinese translation of the Sanskrit nida^na 尼陀那， the genre of historical narratives contained in the Buddhist canon--one of the twelve traditional genre divisions of the Buddhist canon 十二部经.