Sthiramati; an Indian master of the Yoga^ca^ra school （7th century CE）; considered in East Asia to be one of the ten great masters of the Consciousness-only school. Extant works by him are the Treatise of Collection of Maha^ya^na-Abhidharma 大乘阿毗达磨杂集论 （16 fascicles）; the Extensive Treatise on the Five Aggregates in Maha^ya^na 大乘广五蕴论 （one fascicle）; and the Treatise on the Middle View of the Great Vehicle 大乘中观释论 （18 fascicles）. He is known for refuting the theories of Sam!ghabhadra 众贤 through his treatises on Abhidharmako/sa and Vasubandhu's Consciousness-only in Thirty Verses. Discoveries of Sanskrit texts by later scholars led to his being considered an important Consciousness-only master， showing that his interpretations of key Yoga^ca^ra theories of conciousness differed sharply from such thinkers as Dharmapa^la 护法. For instance， Sthiramati， who understood the bifurcation of consciousness into subject and object to be wholly imaginary， while Dharmapa^la understood that consciousness is always manifested in both its subjective and objective aspects. He also established the theory of "self witnessing aspect" （自证分）.