（1） To harm， injure， damage， kill. （2） Impede， obstruct. （3） That which is harmful. （Buddhism） （4） （vihimsa^）. 'Harming.' In the Abhidharmako/sa-bha^sya one of the lesser defilement elements， in the doctrine of the Faxiang school， one of the twenty secondary defilements （随烦恼）. The mental action of taking pleasure in inflicting harm on sentient beings. In the doctrine of the Faxiang school， this element is provisionally established as an aspect of enmity （嗔）. In the Abhidharmako/sa-bha^sya， it has its own separate nature.