（upana^ha）. enmity， resentment. One of the lesser defilement elements listed in the Abhidharmako/sa-bha^sya; one of the twenty secondary defilements （随烦恼） in the doctrine of the Yoga^ca^ra school. The mental action of suffering due to the continual re-arising of the thought of a prior matter that aroused anger. An aspect of anger 嗔， rather than being an independent element.