（1） The attachment to the notion of an enduring， inherent self （a^tma-gra^ha）， which is the basis for the activity of all the afflictive hindrances 烦恼障. This attachment is considered to be something that can be eliminated by the practitioners of the two vehicles 二乘， being less subtle than the attachment to elemental constructs 法执. （2） Self-centeredness， egocentrism.