（1） The Buddhist teaching. （2） A particular type of Buddhist teaching， such as "sudden teaching，" "gradual teaching"， "Pure Land teaching，" etc. （3） The academic， or scholarly aspect of the Buddhist teaching， as opposed to the meditative 禅 aspect. In Korea， these two aspects became polarized into two opposing factions， which struggled with each other for recognition by the state. Eventually the kyo faction was eclipsed and subsumed by the son faction.