（1） Delusion， ignorance， folly. As the fundamental misunderstanding of reality that underlies all of the sufferings of unenlightened people， it is the first of the twelve limbs of conditioned origination. Rather than a lack of factual knowledge it is a basic error in mode of perception that prevents people from seeing things as they really are （Skt. avidya^; Pali avijja^）. （2） In the Sarva^stiva^din 有部 doctrine it is categorized as one of the elements of the great defiled ground 大烦恼地. In Yoga^ca^ra， it is one of the fundamental defilements 根本烦恼， where it is usually written 癡.