（1） （a^srava） Literally translated into Chinese as "having outflow，" but is a term that is borrowed roughly into Buddhism from Jainism that referred to the presence of karmic accretions on the soul （ji^va）. In Buddhism it is comparable to the notion of defilement or pollution， and thus it means "contaminated，" "defiled，" or "impure，" "stained，" "flawed，" etc.， synonymous with 染 and 烦恼. This occurrence of this contamination is directly associated with the condition of ignorance which allows the consciousnesses to be tricked by the illusions of subject and object， like and dislike. The enlightened mind is able to operate without contamination （无漏， ana^srava）， and thus， the distinction between "contaminated" and "uncontaminated" is analogous between that of mundane and sagely， or unenlightened and enlightened. （2） The contamination that is associated with the form realm （rather than the desire realm or formless realm）;