A transcription of the Pali saman!a and the Sanskrit /sraman!a. Translated into Chinese with such terms as 息、 息心、静志、净志、乏道、贫道、动息、etc. A world-renunciant religious practitioner striving for liberation. A monk or nun. （1） Originally in India， /sraman!a was a general term for someone who shaved their head， renounced their worldly status and possessions and trained their mind and body in the attempt to stop evil activities and strive for the good. Originally referred to non-Buddhist practitioners such as the Jains who based their beliefs on the Vedas and Upanishads. ［长阿含经、 T 1.107a］（2） A Buddhist monk or nun. （