（1） To govern， to rule， to manage， to control， to direct， to regulate， to put in order. （2） To quell， subdue， punish. （3） To punish a monk who has broken the precepts. （Pali ka^retabba） （4） To quell afflictions through religious practice. （vipaks!a， pratipaks!a）. In this specific technical usage， it is distinguished from the term 断， which means to totally eradicate 灭. 治 is in this sense synonymous to 伏， which refers to the ability to subdue afflictions， even though they are not completely eradicated. ［四教仪注， 二障义HPC 1.802b］ （5） To chase away demons.