gradual practice; refers mainly to the gradual removal of habituation afflictions through the triple practice of morality， concentration and wisdom （/si^la （chieh 戒）， sama^dhi （ting 定）， and prajn~a^ （hui 慧））. There are numerous theories regarding the possibility of gradual practice ever truly leading to awakening. For example， some people believe that gradual practice is an appropriate avenue for the approach to eventual enlightenment. Most major Chan and Son teachers reject this approach， seeing it as fundamentally dualistic， and therefore erroneous. Ch'an/Son thinkers such as Tsung-mi 宗密 and Chinul 知讷accept the course of gradual practice， but explain that it is only viable after one has had an experience of sudden enlightenment 顿悟. Other thinkers， represented by such masters as Songch'ol 性彻， reject the possibility of any sort of gradual practice whatsoever.