（Skt. kle/sa; Tib. non mon%s pa） （1） Defilement（s）， afflictions. Evil passion， carnal desire. All of the thoughts， words， actions and emotions which arise and cease based on ignorance and desire which keep human beings trapped in the cycle of birth and death， and which result in suffering. （2） In the Yoga^ca^ra system 瑜伽行派， affliction comprises one of the groups of elemental constructs 法. In this case， the term refers specifically to the six "primary" afflictions of greed （贪）， anger （嗔）， ignorance （癡）， pride （慢）， doubt （疑）， and wrong views （恶见）. From these fundamental six afflictions are derived the more numerous secondary afflictions 随烦恼.