"Perfumation." （1） To be permeated with an odor. Also written with the first character alone. The literal meaning is that of being permeated with an odor， and this image is used as a metaphor to describe the how karma works in the form of various undefiled and defiled phenomena， whereby activities， without fail， leave impressions on the consciousnesses， thus altering them. Thus， the meanig of receiving an impression， or for one thing to have an effect on another thing， especially by habituation. The function of one thing gradually being conditioned by another. As clothes which have been exposed to perfume gradually come to have that same smell of themselves， our own activities of word， thought and deed leave an influence on our mind. （2） In Yoga^ca^ra theory， unmanifest karma is sown as a "seed" in the a^laya-vijn~a^na. That which is the result of this perfumation are called "habit energies" 习气 （va^sana^） which again produce new karmas. （3） In the Awakening of Faith 起信论， purity and impurity permeate each other. The permeation of true thusness by ignorance produces sam!sa^ra， while the permeation of ignorance by true thusness produces nirva^na.