（1） The showing of form. An early colloquial translation of ru^pa. （2） The revealing of various forms （bodies） by Buddhas and bodhisattvas to sentient beings in order to teach them. Also refers to the 32 marks of the Buddha's body， the 33 bodies of Avalokite/svara bodhisattva， etc. （dar/sana， sam!dar/sana）. （3） The manifestation of a body by an historical sage-personage. （4） The teaching of sentient beings by a buddha or bodhisattva.