（1） "Coarse apprehension" and "fine analysis." This is the earlier Chinese rendering of the Sanskrit vitarka and vica^ra， which was later rendered as xunsi 寻伺. Jue 觉 is the coarse mental function of making a supposition or inference， while guan 观 is the function of fine analysis. Together they act as hindrances to meditation. （2） 觉 and 观 taken as the causes of language. When one is free from the mind of supposition and analysis， there is no language. In this sense， they are considered as hindrances to true meditation.