The transliteration of the Sanskrit pratyekabuddha （Pali: pacceka-buddha） translated into Chinese as either yuanjue 缘觉 （"enlightened by contemplation on dependent origination"） or dujue 独觉 （'solitary realizer'， 'self-enlightened one'， 'individual illuminate'）. One of two kinds of lesser vehicle 小乘 sages （the other being the /sra^vaka 声闻）， whose practice， according the Maha^ya^na scriptures， is aimed toward the "lesser" goal of arhatship 阿罗汉， rather than toward complete buddhahood. （1） The first Chinese rendering of the term， yuanjue 缘觉， emphasizes the method by which the practitioner attains the goal， that is by analyzing the principle of the twelve-part conditioned origination 十二因缘.［宝性论T 1611.31.821a］ （2） The second rendering， dujue 独觉， refers to the fact that this practitioner attains liberation through his or her own study and effort， not relying on the sermons of a teacher， and staying alone， absorbed in contemplation. This term was originally borrowed from the non-Buddhist Jain sect. ［俱舍论、 T 1558.29.64a］ （3） Related to definition #2， a person who attains liberation but who does not come to the world and teach sentient beings.