Jinguangming jing; the Suvarna-prabha^sa-（uttama）-su^tra. A text primarily regarded as a scripture for state protection， which offers a wide variety of instruction on Buddhist practices such as expression of faith and repentance， as well as basic doctrine， such as the five skandhas， dependent origination， emptiness and so forth. There are five Chinese translations， as well as various commentarial works available. The three primary translations are （1） by Dharmaks!ema 昙无谶 of the Northern Liang （金光明经; T 663.16.335-357， 4 fascicles in eight chapters）; （2） By Baogui 宝贵 et. al. of the Sui dynasty （合部金光明经; T 664.16.359-402; 8 fasc.）; （3） by Yijing 义净 of the Tang dynasty （金光明最胜王经; T 665.16.403-457， 10 fascicles in 31 chapters）. Though the first translation is incomplete， it has famous commentaries attached. The merit of this sutra is that wherever it is worshipped， the four Guardian Gods （护四王） protect the state and benefit the people. One of the three 'state protecting sutras' in Japan， along with the Lotus Sutra 法华经 and Sutra of the Benevolent King 仁王经. See T 1783-1787.