Shoulengyan sanmei jing The S/u^ram!gama-sama^dhi-su^tra. 'Sutra of the Concentration of Heroic Progress.'An early Maha^ya^na sutra， closely related in content to the Vimalaki^rti-nirde/sa-su^tra 维摩经. Sama^dhi 三昧means concentration， a state of mind fixed on one point （cittaika^grata^）. The concentration explained here is the /su^ra^mgama， or Heroic Progress. It is called Heroic Progress because whoever possesses it goes everywhere in the manner of a hero （/su^ra） without meeting any resistance， or because it is frequented （gata） by those heroes the Buddhas and bodhisattvas. The work is undoubtedly of Indian origin， but we possess only a few fragments of the Sanskrit original: two quotations in S/a^ntideva's S/iks!a^samuccaya and one folio of a manuscript discovered in Eastern Turkestan. The complete work is known at present through two translations: a Chinese translation made by Kuma^raji^va 鸠摩罗什， probably between 402 and 409 C.E.3 and a Tibetan translation dating from the beginning of the ninth century C.E. ascribed to the collaboration of the Indian pandit S/a^kyaprabha and the Tibetan exegete Dharmaraks!a （in 291）， Zhu Shulan （in 291）， Zhang Tianxi， Zhi Shilun and Bo Yan （in 373）. These translations were already lost by the sixth century and we only know of them through their titles. The full title of the sutra was S/u^ram!gama-sama^dhi， transliterated in Chinese with shoulengyan sanmei 首楞严三昧， translated into Chinese as yongfuding 勇伏定 'Concentration of Heroic Victory.' Translated into French by Lamotte in 1965， and this version has been translated into English by Boin-Webb in Lamotte 1998 （the contents of this entry are adapted from page 2 of the introduction of that work）. Full formal title is 佛说首楞严三昧经 （T 642.15.629-644）.